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Bontinck J, Meeus M, Voogt L, et al. Online Exercise Programs for Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial Reveals Comparable Effects of Global, Local, and Combined Approaches. Phys Ther. 2024 Jun 4;104(6):pzae040. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzae040. (Original study)
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Specific neck exercises are recommended in the rehabilitation of chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNNP). They are unfortunately often accompanied by acute pain flare-ups. Global exercises might be a beneficial addition, as they activate endogenous analgesia without overloading painful structures. However, it is still unclear which type of exercise is most effective. This randomized controlled trial was done to evaluate the effect of an online blended program of global and specific neck exercises, compared to programs including only 1 of both types of exercise.

METHODS: Forty-eight patients with CNNP were randomized into 3 groups. Online questionnaires were collected at baseline, at midtreatment, immediately after treatment, and at the 3-month follow-up. Quantitative sensory testing and actigraphy were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Linear mixed-model analyses were performed to evaluate treatment effects within and between groups. Neck pain-related disability after treatment was considered the primary outcome.

RESULTS: No time × treatment interaction effects were found. All groups improved in neck pain-related disability, pain intensity, self-reported symptoms of central sensitization, local pain sensitivity, physical activity, and pain medication use. No effects were found on quality of life, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, widespread pain sensitivity, health economics, or actigraphy measurements. A higher global perceived effect was reported after performing the blended program, compared to the other groups.

CONCLUSION: A blended exercise program was not superior to the stand-alone programs in reducing disability. Nevertheless, the global perceived effect of this type of exercise was higher. Future research necessitates larger sample sizes to adequately explore the optimal type of exercise for patients with CNNP.

IMPACT: Exercise therapy should be an important part of the rehabilitation of patients with CNNP, regardless of the type of exercise.

Ratings
Discipline Area Score
Physician 6 / 7
Rehab Clinician (OT/PT) 5 / 7
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Comments from MORE raters

Physician rater

Appears that blended exercise rather than local exercise is perceived as better than local exercise alone, but does not show that either is superior. This study lacks enough information to prove anything.

Rehab Clinician (OT/PT) rater

I think the implications may be overstated here. It's important to consider that since there was no control group and all groups had similar outcomes except a modestly higher perceived effect (one point on a 7 point scale) for the combined group, the results are just as likely to be that none of the interventions were effective. Any changes over time were either natural course of the condition or regression to the mean, which is probably be the same thing. So what is important here is that these interventions may not be effective or each may be effective for some subgroups and detrimental for others.
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