Mindfulness-Based Interdisciplinary Pain Management Program for Complex Polymorbid Pain in Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022 Oct;103(10):1899-1907. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.06.012. Epub 2022 Aug 6.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of interdisciplinary pain management on pain-related disability and opioid reduction in polymorbid pain patients with 2 or more comorbid psychiatric conditions.

Design: Two-arm randomized controlled trial testing a 3-week intervention with assessments at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.

Setting: Department of Veterans Affairs medical facility.

Participants: 103 military veterans (N=103) with moderate (or worse) levels of pain-related disability, depression, anxiety, and/or posttraumatic stress disorder randomly assigned to usual care (n=53) and interdisciplinary pain management (n=50). All participants reported recent persistent opioid use. Trial participants had high levels of comorbid medical and mental health conditions.

Interventions: Experimental arm-a 3-week, interdisciplinary pain management program guided by a structured manual; comparison arm-usual care in a large Department of Veterans Affairs medical facility.

Main outcome measures: Oswestry Disability Index (pain disability); Timeline Followback Interview and Medication Event Monitoring System (opioid use). Analysis used generalized linear mixed model with all posttreatment observations (posttreatment, 6-month follow-up, 12-month follow-up) entered simultaneously to create a single posttreatment effect.

Results: Veterans with polymorbid pain randomized to the interdisciplinary pain program reported significantly greater decreases in pain-related disability compared to veterans randomized to treatment as usual (TAU) at posttreatment, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. Aggregated mean pain disability scores (ie, a summary effect of all posttreatment observations) for the interdisciplinary pain program were -9.1 (95% CI: -14.4, -3.7, P=.001) points lower than TAU. There was no difference between groups in the proportion of participants who resumed opioid use during trial participation (32% in both arms).

Conclusion: These findings offer the first evidence of short- and long-term interdisciplinary pain management efficacy in polymorbid pain patients, but more work is needed to examine how to effectively decrease opioid use in this population.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02657317.

Keywords: Chronic pain; Interdisciplinary; Multiple trauma; Opioid; Pain management; Polytrauma; Rehabilitation.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Humans
  • Mindfulness*
  • Opioid-Related Disorders*
  • Pain
  • Pain Management
  • Veterans*

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02657317