ResearchAdvice and education provide small short-term improvements in pain and disability in people with non-specific spinal pain: a systematic review
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Footnotes: a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software Version 3.3.070, Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA.
eAddenda: Table 1, Figures 3, 5 and 7, and Appendices 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2021.08.014
Ethics approval: Not applicable.
Competing interests: Flexeze provided heat wraps at no cost for the SHaPED trial, which has CM as an investigator. CM’s expenses have been covered, or partially covered, by professional associations hosting conferences where he has been an invited speaker. Flexeze provided heat wraps at no cost for a pilot trial in which CAS is an investigator. No other authors have competing interests to declare.
Source(s) of support: No specific funding was received for this study. CM and CL are funded by research fellowships from the National Health and Medical Research Foundation, Australia.