The Effect of Foot Massage on Pain Intensity and Anxiety in Patients Having Undergone a Tibial Shaft Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

J Orthop Trauma. 2018 Dec;32(12):e482-e486. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001320.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effect of massage therapy on pain intensity and anxiety in patients who have undergone tibial shaft fracture surgery.

Design: This study was a randomized clinical trial with a pre-post design. As the study included 2 treatment groups, it was a parallel study.

Setting: Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan, Iran, between July and August 2017.

Patients: In all, 66 patients who underwent a tibial shaft fracture surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (33 patients each).

Intervention: The intervention included a 10-minute foot massage (5 minutes per leg) using sweet almond oil, the most common lubricant used in massage therapy.

Main outcome measurements: Data were collected using pain numeric rating scale and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after intervention.

Results: After intervention, the mean scores for pain intensity, and anxiety in the intervention and control groups were 4.72 (0.97) and 5.72 (0.91), and 42.84 (6.50) and 58.36 (10.37), respectively. A significant difference was noted between the intervention and control groups concerning pain intensity and anxiety.

Conclusions: The results indicated that massage therapy reduced pain intensity and anxiety in patients who underwent tibial shaft fracture surgery. Therefore, using massage as a noninvasive and acceptable intervention is suggested in orthopaedic surgery, especially after tibial shaft fracture surgeries.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anxiety / prevention & control*
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / adverse effects
  • Fracture Fixation, Internal / methods*
  • Humans
  • Iran
  • Massage / methods*
  • Middle Aged
  • Pain Management / methods
  • Pain Measurement
  • Pain, Postoperative / diagnosis
  • Pain, Postoperative / rehabilitation*
  • Patient Satisfaction / statistics & numerical data*
  • Prognosis
  • Reference Values
  • Tibial Fractures / diagnostic imaging
  • Tibial Fractures / rehabilitation
  • Tibial Fractures / surgery*
  • Treatment Outcome